GCP Associate 덤프 문제 101 ~ 150

https://www.examtopics.com/exams/google/associate-cloud-engineer/view/

Associate Cloud Engineer Exam - Free Actual Q&As, Page 1 | ExamTopics

위의 GCP Associate 덤프 문제에 대한 풀의를 한다.

 

101. You need to host an application on a Compute Engine instance in a project shared with other teams. You want to prevent the other teams from accidentally causing downtime on that application. Which feature should you use?

• A. Use a Shielded VM.
• B. Use a Preemptible VM.
• C. Use a sole-tenant node.
• D. Enable deletion protection on the instance.

Compute Engine 인스턴스에 삭제 보호(Deletion Protection)를 활성화하면 다른 팀이 실수로 인스턴스를 삭제할 수 없다.

정답 D

102. Your organization needs to grant users access to query datasets in BigQuery but prevent them from accidentally deleting the datasets. You want a solution that follows Google-recommended practices. What should you do?

• A. Add users to roles/bigquery user role only, instead of roles/bigquery dataOwner.
• B. Add users to roles/bigquery dataEditor role only, instead of roles/bigquery dataOwner.
• C. Create a custom role by removing delete permissions, and add users to that role only.
• D. Create a custom role by removing delete permissions. Add users to the group, and then add the group to the custom role.

구글의 모범사례를 살펴보면 그룹을 만들어 역할에 추가하는 것이 맞으나 불필요한 커스텀 역할을 만드는 것은 비효율적이라고 생각을 하여 기존에 존재하는 bigquery.user 역할을 부여하면 쿼리를 실행할 수 있지만, 데이터셋 삭제 권한이 없는 상태를 만들 수 있다.

정답 A

103. You have a developer laptop with the Cloud SDK installed on Ubuntu. The Cloud SDK was installed from the Google Cloud Ubuntu package repository. You want to test your application locally on your laptop with Cloud Datastore. What should you do?

• A. Export Cloud Datastore data using gcloud datastore export.
• B. Create a Cloud Datastore index using gcloud datastore indexes create.
• C. Install the google-cloud-sdk-datastore-emulator component using the apt get install command.
• D. Install the cloud-datastore-emulator component using the gcloud components install command.

Ubuntu에서는 apt-get을 사용해야 하므로, gcloud components install 명령어로 설치할 수 없다.

Ubuntu 패키지 관리자를 통해 설치 (apt-get install google-cloud-sdk-datastore-emulator) 하면 로컬에서 사용할 수 있다.

정답 C

104. Your company set up a complex organizational structure on Google Cloud. The structure includes hundreds of folders and projects. Only a few team members should be able to view the hierarchical structure. You need to assign minimum permissions to these team members, and you want to follow Google-recommended practices. What should you do?

• A. Add the users to roles/browser role.
• B. Add the users to roles/iam.roleViewer role.
• C. Add the users to a group, and add this group to roles/browser.
• D. Add the users to a group, and add this group to roles/iam.roleViewer role.

Google Cloud에서 roles/browser역할을 부여하면 프로젝트 및 폴더 구조를 조회할 수 있다.

정답 C

105. Your company has a single sign-on (SSO) identity provider that supports Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) integration with service providers. Your company has users in Cloud Identity. You would like users to authenticate using your company's SSO provider. What should you do?

• A. In Cloud Identity, set up SSO with Google as an identity provider to access custom SAML apps.
• B. In Cloud Identity, set up SSO with a third-party identity provider with Google as a service provider.
• C. Obtain OAuth 2.0 credentials, configure the user consent screen, and set up OAuth 2.0 for Mobile & Desktop Apps.
• D. Obtain OAuth 2.0 credentials, configure the user consent screen, and set up OAuth 2.0 for Web Server Applications.

A번의 경우 Google을 ID로 설정하면, Google 자체에서 인증을 처리하는 방식으로 제공되며, SSO 공급업체를 지원할 수 없다.

Google Cloud를 서비스 제공자로 설정하고, SAML 기반 SSO를 주요 ID 공급업체와 통합해야 한다. 기업이 스스로 사용하는 SSO 공급업체를 통해 사용자가 인증할 수 있도록 구성한다.

OAuth 2.0은 웹 및 모바일 서비스를 인증하는 방식이며, 조직 내 사용자 인증 및 SSO와 관련이 없다.

정답 B

 

 

106. Your organization has a dedicated person who creates and manages all service accounts for Google Cloud projects. You need to assign this person the minimum role for projects. What should you do?

• A. Add the user to roles/iam.roleAdmin role.
• B. Add the user to roles/iam.securityAdmin role.
• C. Add the user to roles/iam.serviceAccountUser role.
• D. Add the user to roles/iam.serviceAccountAdmin role.

roles/iam.serviceAccountAdmin(서비스 계정 관리자) 역할을 부여하면 사용자가 프로젝트에서 서비스 계정을 생성하고 관리할 수 있다.

정답 D

107. You are building an archival solution for your data warehouse and have selected Cloud Storage to archive your data. Your users need to be able to access this archived data once a quarter for some regulatory requirements. You want to select a cost-efficient option. Which storage option should you use?

• A. Cold Storage
• B. Nearline Storage
• C. Regional Storage
• D. Multi-Regional Storage

Cold Storage는 1년에 한 번 정도 액세스하는 데이터에 적합하다.

Nearline Storage는 한 달에 한두 번 정도의 데이터에 액세스하는 경우 비용 효율적 옵션을 제공한다.

정답 A

108. A team of data scientists infrequently needs to use a Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) cluster that you manage. They require GPUs for some long-running, non- restartable jobs. You want to minimize cost. What should you do?

• A. Enable node auto-provisioning on the GKE cluster.
• B. Create a VerticalPodAutscaler for those workloads.
• C. Create a node pool with preemptible VMs and GPUs attached to those VMs.
• D. Create a node pool of instances with GPUs, and enable autoscaling on this node pool with a minimum size of 1.

최신 GKE 버전에서는 NAP가 GPU 요청을 감지하고 자동으로 GPU 노드 풀을 생성할 수 있다.

https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/node-auto-provisioning

노드 자동 프로비저닝 사용  |  Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)  |  Google Cloud

다만, NAP는 CPU, 메모리, GPU 요청을 기반으로 새로운 노드 풀을 만들지만, 반드시 GPU 노드 풀을 만들 거라는 보장이 없다. 따라서 클러스터 설정에 따라 GPU 노드 풀이 제대로 생성되지 않거나, 적절한 GPU가 선택되지 않을 가능성이 있다.

VPA는 CPU/RAM 리소스 조정에만 적합하며, GPU 최적화 기능이 없다.

Preemptible VM은 언제든지 종료될 수 있으므로 "non-restartable jobs"에는 적합하지 않는다.

D는 GPU 노드 풀이 이미 존재하므로, 작업 시작 시 바로 GPU를 사용할 수 있다.

정답 D

109. Your organization has user identities in Active Directory. Your organization wants to use Active Directory as their source of truth for identities. Your organization wants to have full control over the Google accounts used by employees for all Google services, including your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) organization. What should you do?

• A. Use Google Cloud Directory Sync (GCDS) to synchronize users into Cloud Identity.
• B. Use the cloud Identity APIs and write a script to synchronize users to Cloud Identity.
• C. Export users from Active Directory as a CSV and import them to Cloud Identity via the Admin Console.
• D. Ask each employee to create a Google account using self signup. Require that each employee use their company email address and password.

GCDS(Google Cloud Directory Sync)는 Active Directory 사용자 및 그룹을 Cloud Identity와 동기화하는 데 최적화된 도구로, Active Directory를 Cloud Identity와 연결하여, Active Directory에서 변경된 정보를 자동으로 Google Cloud에 반영 가능하다.

API를 사용하여 직접 동기화하는 것은 유지보수 부담이 크다.

CSV 업로드는 자동 동기화가 아니며, 사용자 변경 사항이 있을 때마다 수동 작업이 필요하므로 비효율적이다.

정답 A

110. You have successfully created a development environment in a project for an application. This application uses Compute Engine and Cloud SQL. Now you need to create a production environment for this application. The security team has forbidden the existence of network routes between these 2 environments and has asked you to follow Google-recommended practices. What should you do?

• A. Create a new project, enable the Compute Engine and Cloud SQL APIs in that project, and replicate the setup you have created in the development environment.
• B. Create a new production subnet in the existing VPC and a new production Cloud SQL instance in your existing project, and deploy your application using those resources.
• C. Create a new project, modify your existing VPC to be a Shared VPC, share that VPC with your new project, and replicate the setup you have in the development environment in that new project in the Shared VPC.
• D. Ask the security team to grant you the Project Editor role in an existing production project used by another division of your company. Once they grant you that role, replicate the setup you have in the development environment in that project.

새로운 프로젝트에서 Compute Engine 및 Cloud SQL API를 활성화한 후, 기존 개발 환경을 복제하면 보안팀의 요구 사항을 충족 가능하다.

네트워크 경로를 차단해야 한다고 했으므로, 동일한 프로젝트 내에서 네트워크를 분리하는 것은 비효율적이다.

Shared VPC를 사용하면 여전히 네트워크가 연결될 가능성이 있다.

정답 A

111. Your management has asked an external auditor to review all the resources in a specific project. The security team has enabled the Organization Policy called Domain Restricted Sharing on the organization node by specifying only your Cloud Identity domain. You want the auditor to only be able to view, but not modify, the resources in that project. What should you do?

• A. Ask the auditor for their Google account, and give them the Viewer role on the project.
• B. Ask the auditor for their Google account, and give them the Security Reviewer role on the project.
• C. Create a temporary account for the auditor in Cloud Identity, and give that account the Viewer role on the project.
• D. Create a temporary account for the auditor in Cloud Identity, and give that account the Security Reviewer role on the project.

Domain Restricted Sharing은 특정 도메인 내에서만 공유를 허용하는 정책으로, 외부 Google 계정은 기본적으로 차단된다.

Cloud Identity에 임시 계정을 생성하면 Domain Restricted Sharing 정책을 우회할 수 있다.

정답 C

112. You have a workload running on Compute Engine that is critical to your business. You want to ensure that the data on the boot disk of this workload is backed up regularly. You need to be able to restore a backup as quickly as possible in case of disaster. You also want older backups to be cleaned automatically to save on cost. You want to follow Google-recommended practices. What should you do?

• A. Create a Cloud Function to create an instance template.
• B. Create a snapshot schedule for the disk using the desired interval.
• C. Create a cron job to create a new disk from the disk using gcloud.
• D. Create a Cloud Task to create an image and export it to Cloud Storage.

Cloud Function을 사용하여 Instance Template을 자동 생성할 수는 있지만, 이 방식은 백업이 아니라 신규 VM 배포를 위한 것이다.

디스크 스냅샷을 자동으로 생성할 수 있는 스냅샷 일정을 사용하면 설정된 주기에 따라 자동으로 백업이 수행된다.

정답 B

113. You need to assign a Cloud Identity and Access Management (Cloud IAM) role to an external auditor. The auditor needs to have permissions to review your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Audit Logs and also to review your Data Access logs. What should you do?

• A. Assign the auditor the IAM role roles/logging.privateLogViewer. Perform the export of logs to Cloud Storage.
• B. Assign the auditor the IAM role roles/logging.privateLogViewer. Direct the auditor to also review the logs for changes to Cloud IAM policy.
• C. Assign the auditor's IAM user to a custom role that has logging.privateLogEntries.list permission. Perform the export of logs to Cloud Storage.
• D. Assign the auditor's IAM user to a custom role that has logging.privateLogEntries.list permission. Direct the auditor to also review the logs for changes to Cloud IAM policy.

logging.privateLogViewer 역할을 부여하면 감사자는 Audit Logs와 Data Access Logs를 조회할 수 있다.

정답 B

114. You are managing several Google Cloud Platform (GCP) projects and need access to all logs for the past 60 days. You want to be able to explore and quickly analyze the log contents. You want to follow Google-recommended practices to obtain the combined logs for all projects. What should you do?

• A. Navigate to Stackdriver Logging and select resource.labels.project_id="*"
• B. Create a Stackdriver Logging Export with a Sink destination to a BigQuery dataset. Configure the table expiration to 60 days.
• C. Create a Stackdriver Logging Export with a Sink destination to Cloud Storage. Create a lifecycle rule to delete objects after 60 days.
• D. Configure a Cloud Scheduler job to read from Stackdriver and store the logs in BigQuery. Configure the table expiration to 60 days.

로그를 BigQuery로 내보내고 테이블 만료 기간을 60일로 설정하면 모든 프로젝트의 로그를 쉽게 분석할 수 있다.

정답 B

115. You need to reduce GCP service costs for a division of your company using the fewest possible steps. You need to turn off all configured services in an existing
GCP project. What should you do?

• A. 1. Verify that you are assigned the Project Owners IAM role for this project. 2. Locate the project in the GCP console, click Shut down and then enter the project ID.
• B. 1. Verify that you are assigned the Project Owners IAM role for this project. 2. Switch to the project in the GCP console, locate the resources and delete them.
• C. 1. Verify that you are assigned the Organizational Administrator IAM role for this project. 2. Locate the project in the GCP console, enter the project ID and then click Shut down.
• D. 1. Verify that you are assigned the Organizational Administrators IAM role for this project. 2. Switch to the project in the GCP console, locate the resources and delete them.

프로젝트를 완전히 종료하는 가장 빠른 방법 은 GCP 콘솔에서 Shut Down옵션을 사용하는 것으로 이를 수행하려면 프로젝트 소유자의 역할이 필요하다.

정답 A

116. You are configuring service accounts for an application that spans multiple projects. Virtual machines (VMs) running in the web-applications project need access to BigQuery datasets in crm-databases-proj. You want to follow Google-recommended practices to give access to the service account in the web-applications project. What should you do?

• A. Give ג€project ownerג€ for web-applications appropriate roles to crm-databases-proj.
• B. Give ג€project ownerג€ role to crm-databases-proj and the web-applications project.
• C. Give ג€project ownerג€ role to crm-databases-proj and bigquery.dataViewer role to web-applications.
• D. Give bigquery.dataViewer role to crm-databases-proj and appropriate roles to web-applications.

web-applications 프로젝트의 VM에서 crm-databases-proj의 BigQuery 데이터셋을 조회하려면 bigquery.dataViewer 역할을 부여하는 것이 적절하다.

정답 D

117. An employee was terminated, but their access to Google Cloud was not removed until 2 weeks later. You need to find out if this employee accessed any sensitive customer information after their termination. What should you do?

• A. View System Event Logs in Cloud Logging. Search for the user's email as the principal.
• B. View System Event Logs in Cloud Logging. Search for the service account associated with the user.
• C. View Data Access audit logs in Cloud Logging. Search for the user's email as the principal.
• D. View the Admin Activity log in Cloud Logging. Search for the service account associated with the user.

Data Access 감사 로그는 데이터 조회 및 읽기 관련 활동을 기록한다. 사용자의 이메일을 기반으로 검색하면 해당 직원이 어떤 데이터를 조회했는지 확인할 수 있다.

System Event Logs는 시스템 수준의 이벤트(예: VM 인스턴스 생성, 네트워크 변경 등)를 기록한다.

정답 C

118. You need to create a custom IAM role for use with a GCP service. All permissions in the role must be suitable for production use. You also want to clearly share with your organization the status of the custom role. This will be the first version of the custom role. What should you do?

• A. Use permissions in your role that use the 'supported' support level for role permissions. Set the role stage to ALPHA while testing the role permissions.
• B. Use permissions in your role that use the 'supported' support level for role permissions. Set the role stage to BETA while testing the role permissions.
• C. Use permissions in your role that use the 'testing' support level for role permissions. Set the role stage to ALPHA while testing the role permissions.
• D. Use permissions in your role that use the 'testing' support level for role permissions. Set the role stage to BETA while testing the role permissions.

Google Cloud에서 IAM 역할을 생성할 때, 'supported' 상태의 권한만 포함하는 것이 일반적인 권장 사항이다. 또한, 첫 번째 버전의 맞춤 IAM 역할을 테스트할 때는 ALPHA 단계에서 시작하는 것이 적절하다.

정답 A

119. Your company has a large quantity of unstructured data in different file formats. You want to perform ETL transformations on the data. You need to make the data accessible on Google Cloud so it can be processed by a Dataflow job. What should you do?

• A. Upload the data to BigQuery using the bq command line tool.
• B. Upload the data to Cloud Storage using the gsutil command line tool.
• C. Upload the data into Cloud SQL using the import function in the console.
• D. Upload the data into Cloud Spanner using the import function in the console.

BigQuery는 구조화된 데이터 분석을 위한 데이터 웨어하우스이다.

Dataflow는 Cloud Storage에서 데이터를 읽어와 변환하는 방식으로 ETL 작업을 수행한다.

Cloud Spanner는 확장 가능한 관계형 데이터베이스 서비스이며, 비정형 데이터를 저장하고 처리하는 데 적합하지 않다.

정답 B

120. You need to manage multiple Google Cloud projects in the fewest steps possible. You want to configure the Google Cloud SDK command line interface (CLI) so that you can easily manage multiple projects. What should you do?

• A. 1. Create a configuration for each project you need to manage. 2. Activate the appropriate configuration when you work with each of your assigned Google Cloud projects.
• B. 1. Create a configuration for each project you need to manage. 2. Use gcloud init to update the configuration values when you need to work with a non-default project
• C. 1. Use the default configuration for one project you need to manage. 2. Activate the appropriate configuration when you work with each of your assigned Google Cloud projects.
• D. 1. Use the default configuration for one project you need to manage. 2. Use gcloud init to update the configuration values when you need to work with a non-default project.

기본 설정을 하나의 프로젝트에만 두면 여러 프로젝트를 효율적으로 전환하기 어렵다.

gcloud config configurations create [NAME] 명령어를 사용하여 프로젝트별로 구성을 생성하고, gcloud config configurations activate [NAME] 명령어로 적절한 구성을 활성화하는 것이 가장 효율적이다.

정답 A

121. Your managed instance group raised an alert stating that new instance creation has failed to create new instances. You need to maintain the number of running instances specified by the template to be able to process expected application traffic. What should you do?

• A. Create an instance template that contains valid syntax which will be used by the instance group. Delete any persistent disks with the same name as instance names.
• B. Create an instance template that contains valid syntax that will be used by the instance group. Verify that the instance name and persistent disk name values are not the same in the template.
• C. Verify that the instance template being used by the instance group contains valid syntax. Delete any persistent disks with the same name as instance names. Set the disks.autoDelete property to true in the instance template.
• D. Delete the current instance template and replace it with a new instance template. Verify that the instance name and persistent disk name values are not the same in the template. Set the disks.autoDelete property to true in the instance template.

일단 인스턴스를 사용하고 있을 때 기존 템플릿을 삭제하거나 업데이트 할 수 없다.

정답 A

122. Your company is moving from an on-premises environment to Google Cloud. You have multiple development teams that use Cassandra environments as backend databases. They all need a development environment that is isolated from other Cassandra instances. You want to move to Google Cloud quickly and with minimal support effort. What should you do?

• A. 1. Build an instruction guide to install Cassandra on Google Cloud. 2. Make the instruction guide accessible to your developers.
• B. 1. Advise your developers to go to Cloud Marketplace. 2. Ask the developers to launch a Cassandra image for their development work.
• C. 1. Build a Cassandra Compute Engine instance and take a snapshot of it. 2. Use the snapshot to create instances for your developers.
• D. 1. Build a Cassandra Compute Engine instance and take a snapshot of it. 2. Upload the snapshot to Cloud Storage and make it accessible to your developers. 3. Build instructions to create a Compute Engine instance from the snapshot so that developers can do it themselves.

Cloud Marketplace에서 Cassandra 이미지를 제공하고 있어, 개발자들이 이를 사용하여 빠르고 쉽게 Cassandra 환경을 구축할 수 있다.

정답 B

123. You have a Compute Engine instance hosting a production application. You want to receive an email if the instance consumes more than 90% of its CPU resources for more than 15 minutes. You want to use Google services. What should you do?

• A. 1. Create a consumer Gmail account. 2. Write a script that monitors the CPU usage. 3. When the CPU usage exceeds the threshold, have that script send an email using the Gmail account and smtp.gmail.com on port 25 as SMTP server.
• B. 1. Create a Cloud Monitoring Workspace and associate your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project with it. 2. Create a Cloud Monitoring Alerting Policy that uses the threshold as a trigger condition. 3. Configure your email address in the notification channel.
• C. 1. Create a Cloud Monitoring Workspace and associate your GCP project with it. 2. Write a script that monitors the CPU usage and sends it as a custom metric to Cloud Monitoring. 3. Create an uptime check for the instance in Cloud Monitoring.
• D. 1. In Cloud Logging, create a logs-based metric to extract the CPU usage by using this regular expression: CPU Usage: ([0-9] {1,3})% 2. In Cloud Monitoring, create an Alerting Policy based on this metric. 3. Configure your email address in the notification channel.

Cloud Monitoring을 사용하여 알림 정책을 생성하고 CPU 사용량이 90%를 초과할 때 이메일로 알림을 받을 수 있다.

정답 B

124. You have an application that uses Cloud Spanner as a backend database. The application has a very predictable traffic pattern. You want to automatically scale up or down the number of Spanner nodes depending on traffic. What should you do?

• A. Create a cron job that runs on a scheduled basis to review Cloud Monitoring metrics, and then resize the Spanner instance accordingly.
• B. Create a Cloud Monitoring alerting policy to send an alert to oncall SRE emails when Cloud Spanner CPU exceeds the threshold. SREs would scale resources up or down accordingly.
• C. Create a Cloud Monitoring alerting policy to send an alert to Google Cloud Support email when Cloud Spanner CPU exceeds your threshold. Google support would scale resources up or down accordingly.
• D. Create a Cloud Monitoring alerting policy to send an alert to webhook when Cloud Spanner CPU is over or under your threshold. Create a Cloud Function that listens to HTTP and resizes Spanner resources accordingly.

자동화가 아닌 수동 작업이므로 크론잡의 경우 불필요한 리소스 관리 시간이 소요된다.

Cloud Monitoring의 알림 정책을 설정하고, 알림을 webhook으로 전송하여 Cloud Function을 트리거할 수 있다. Cloud Function에서 이를 처리하고 Spanner 리소스를 자동으로 크기 조정할 수 있다.

정답 D

125. Your company publishes large files on an Apache web server that runs on a Compute Engine instance. The Apache web server is not the only application running in the project. You want to receive an email when the egress network costs for the server exceed 100 dollars for the current month as measured by Google Cloud.
What should you do?

• A. Set up a budget alert on the project with an amount of 100 dollars, a threshold of 100%, and notification type of ג€email.ג€
• B. Set up a budget alert on the billing account with an amount of 100 dollars, a threshold of 100%, and notification type of ג€email.ג€
• C. Export the billing data to BigQuery. Create a Cloud Function that uses BigQuery to sum the egress network costs of the exported billing data for the Apache web server for the current month and sends an email if it is over 100 dollars. Schedule the Cloud Function using Cloud Scheduler to run hourly.
• D. Use the Cloud Logging Agent to export the Apache web server logs to Cloud Logging. Create a Cloud Function that uses BigQuery to parse the HTTP response log data in Cloud Logging for the current month and sends an email if the size of all HTTP responses, multiplied by current Google Cloud egress prices, totals over 100 dollars. Schedule the Cloud Function using Cloud Scheduler to run hourly.

프로젝트 수준의 예산 알림은 개별 프로젝트의 비용을 모니터링하는 데 유용하지만, 여러 애플리케이션이 동일한 프로젝트에서 실행되고 있다면 전체 비용을 관리하는 데는 비효율적이다.

로그 기반 처리는 비용 추적에 불필요하게 복잡하다.

청구 데이터를 BigQuery로 내보내고, BigQuery를 사용하여 현재 월의 Apache 웹 서버에 대한 내보낸 청구 데이터의 이그레스 네트워크 비용을 합산하고 100달러를 넘으면 이메일을 보내는 Cloud Function을 만든다. Cloud Scheduler를 사용하여 Cloud Function을 매시간 실행되도록 예약한다.

정답 C

126. You have designed a solution on Google Cloud that uses multiple Google Cloud products. Your company has asked you to estimate the costs of the solution. You need to provide estimates for the monthly total cost. What should you do?

• A. For each Google Cloud product in the solution, review the pricing details on the products pricing page. Use the pricing calculator to total the monthly costs for each Google Cloud product.
• B. For each Google Cloud product in the solution, review the pricing details on the products pricing page. Create a Google Sheet that summarizes the expected monthly costs for each product.
• C. Provision the solution on Google Cloud. Leave the solution provisioned for 1 week. Navigate to the Billing Report page in the Cloud Console. Multiply the 1 week cost to determine the monthly costs.
• D. Provision the solution on Google Cloud. Leave the solution provisioned for 1 week. Use Cloud Monitoring to determine the provisioned and used resource amounts. Multiply the 1 week cost to determine the monthly costs.

Google Cloud는 공식 가격 계산기를 제공하며, 이를 사용하면 예상 사용량에 따른 비용을 효과적으로 추정할 수 있다.

https://cloud.google.com/products/calculator?hl=en

Google Cloud Pricing Calculator

1주일 사용량을 기준으로 단순히 4배로 곱하는 방식은 정확성이 떨어진다.

정답 A

127. You have an application that receives SSL-encrypted TCP traffic on port 443. Clients for this application are located all over the world. You want to minimize latency for the clients. Which load balancing option should you use?

• A. HTTPS Load Balancer
• B. Network Load Balancer
• C. SSL Proxy Load Balancer
• D. Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer. Add a firewall rule allowing ingress traffic from 0.0.0.0/0 on the target instances.

HTTPS 로드 밸런서는 HTTP(S) 트래픽을 처리하는 데 사용된다. 

SSL Proxy Load Balancer는 글로벌 서비스로, SSL 트래픽을 처리하면서 전 세계 클라이언트의 지연 시간을 최소화할 수 있다.

정답 C

128. You have an application on a general-purpose Compute Engine instance that is experiencing excessive disk read throttling on its Zonal SSD Persistent Disk. The application primarily reads large files from disk. The disk size is currently 350 GB. You want to provide the maximum amount of throughput while minimizing costs.
What should you do?

• A. Increase the size of the disk to 1 TB.
• B. Increase the allocated CPU to the instance.
• C. Migrate to use a Local SSD on the instance.
• D. Migrate to use a Regional SSD on the instance.

로컬 SSD의 IOPS가 더 높다.

다만, Local SSD는 초고성능을 제공하지만 임시 스토리지이므로 VM이 중지되면 데이터가 사라진다. 데이터 보존이 중요한 경우는 적절하지 않다.

정답 C

129. Your Dataproc cluster runs in a single Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) network in a single subnet with range 172.16.20.128/25. There are no private IP addresses available in the VPC network. You want to add new VMs to communicate with your cluster using the minimum number of steps. What should you do?

• A. Modify the existing subnet range to 172.16.20.0/24.
• B. Create a new Secondary IP Range in the VPC and configure the VMs to use that range.
• C. Create a new VPC network for the VMs. Enable VPC Peering between the VMs' VPC network and the Dataproc cluster VPC network.
• D. Create a new VPC network for the VMs with a subnet of 172.32.0.0/16. Enable VPC network Peering between the Dataproc VPC network and the VMs VPC network. Configure a custom Route exchange.

현재 서브넷 범위가 /25(즉, 128개 IP 주소만 할당 가능)로 설정되어 있어 새로운 VM을 추가할 수 없는 상황이다. 서브넷 범위를 /24로 확장하면 256개의 IP 주소를 사용할 수 있어 IP 부족 문제를 해결할 수 있다.

새로운 VPC를 만들면 네트워크를 관리하는 복잡성이 증가하고, 기존 클러스터와 VM 간의 통신을 위해 추가적인 설정(VPC Peering, 라우팅, 방화벽 규칙)이 필요하다.

정답 A

130. You manage an App Engine Service that aggregates and visualizes data from BigQuery. The application is deployed with the default App Engine Service account.
The data that needs to be visualized resides in a different project managed by another team. You do not have access to this project, but you want your application to be able to read data from the BigQuery dataset. What should you do?

• A. Ask the other team to grant your default App Engine Service account the role of BigQuery Job User.
• B. Ask the other team to grant your default App Engine Service account the role of BigQuery Data Viewer.
• C. In Cloud IAM of your project, ensure that the default App Engine service account has the role of BigQuery Data Viewer.
• D. In Cloud IAM of your project, grant a newly created service account from the other team the role of BigQuery Job User in your project.

BigQuery Data Viewer 역할을 부여하면 다른 프로젝트의 BigQuery 데이터셋을 읽을 수 있다. 

그리고 읽어야 하는 데이터가 다른 팀이 관리하는 다른 프로젝트에 있기 때문에 IAM 권한은 프로젝트 내에서만 적용되어 해당 팀에게 요청을 해야한다.

정답 B

131. You need to create a copy of a custom Compute Engine virtual machine (VM) to facilitate an expected increase in application traffic due to a business acquisition.
What should you do?

• A. Create a Compute Engine snapshot of your base VM. Create your images from that snapshot.
• B. Create a Compute Engine snapshot of your base VM. Create your instances from that snapshot.
• C. Create a custom Compute Engine image from a snapshot. Create your images from that image.
• D. Create a custom Compute Engine image from a snapshot. Create your instances from that image.

스냅샷은 디스크의 상태를 저장하는 방식이지만, 이를 기반으로 이미지를 생성하면 여러 VM을 쉽게 배포할 수 있다.

정답 D

132. You have deployed an application on a single Compute Engine instance. The application writes logs to disk. Users start reporting errors with the application. You want to diagnose the problem. What should you do?

• A. Navigate to Cloud Logging and view the application logs.
• B. Connect to the instance's serial console and read the application logs.
• C. Configure a Health Check on the instance and set a Low Healthy Threshold value.
• D. Install and configure the Cloud Logging Agent and view the logs from Cloud Logging.

Google Cloud의 Cloud Logging Agent를 설정하면, 로그를 Cloud Logging으로 수집하여 중앙 집중식으로 로그를 확인할 수 있다. 

정답 D

133. An application generates daily reports in a Compute Engine virtual machine (VM). The VM is in the project corp-iot-insights. Your team operates only in the project corp-aggregate-reports and needs a copy of the daily exports in the bucket corp-aggregate-reports-storage. You want to configure access so that the daily reports from the VM are available in the bucket corp-aggregate-reports-storage and use as few steps as possible while following Google-recommended practices. What should you do?

• A. Move both projects under the same folder.
• B. Grant the VM Service Account the role Storage Object Creator on corp-aggregate-reports-storage.
• C. Create a Shared VPC network between both projects. Grant the VM Service Account the role Storage Object Creator on corp-iot-insights.
• D. Make corp-aggregate-reports-storage public and create a folder with a pseudo-randomized suffix name. Share the folder with the IoT team.

Google Cloud에서는 서비스 계정에 Storage Object Creator 역할을 부여하면 Cloud Storage 버킷에 객체를 업로드할 수 있다. 

Shared VPC는 네트워크 공유를 위한 기능이며, Cloud Storage 접근과 관련이 없다.

정답 B

134. You built an application on your development laptop that uses Google Cloud services. Your application uses Application Default Credentials for authentication and works fine on your development laptop. You want to migrate this application to a Compute Engine virtual machine (VM) and set up authentication using Google- recommended practices and minimal changes. What should you do?

• A. Assign appropriate access for Google services to the service account used by the Compute Engine VM.
• B. Create a service account with appropriate access for Google services, and configure the application to use this account.
• C. Store credentials for service accounts with appropriate access for Google services in a config file, and deploy this config file with your application.
• D. Store credentials for your user account with appropriate access for Google services in a config file, and deploy this config file with your application.

사용자 계정 인증은 애플리케이션 배포에 적절하지 않으며, 서비스 계정을 사용해야 한다.

 모범 사례 일반적으로 Google은 Google API를 호출해야 하는 각 인스턴스가 해당 인스턴스가 작업을 수행하는 데 필요한 최소한의 권한이 있는 서비스 계정으로 실행되어야 함을 권장한다.

정답 B

135. You need to create a Compute Engine instance in a new project that doesn't exist yet. What should you do?

• A. Using the Cloud SDK, create a new project, enable the Compute Engine API in that project, and then create the instance specifying your new project.
• B. Enable the Compute Engine API in the Cloud Console, use the Cloud SDK to create the instance, and then use the --project flag to specify a new project.
• C. Using the Cloud SDK, create the new instance, and use the --project flag to specify the new project. Answer yes when prompted by Cloud SDK to enable the Compute Engine API.
• D. Enable the Compute Engine API in the Cloud Console. Go to the Compute Engine section of the Console to create a new instance, and look for the Create In A New Project option in the creation form.

Google Cloud에서는 새 프로젝트를 생성한 후 해당 프로젝트에서 API를 활성화한 다음 리소스를 배포해야 한다. 이를 gcloud projects create 명령어로 수행한 후, gcloud services enable compute.googleapis.com을 실행해야 한다.

정답 A

136. Your company runs one batch process in an on-premises server that takes around 30 hours to complete. The task runs monthly, can be performed offline, and must be restarted if interrupted. You want to migrate this workload to the cloud while minimizing cost. What should you do?

• A. Migrate the workload to a Compute Engine Preemptible VM.
• B. Migrate the workload to a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster with Preemptible nodes.
• C. Migrate the workload to a Compute Engine VM. Start and stop the instance as needed.
• D. Create an Instance Template with Preemptible VMs On. Create a Managed Instance Group from the template and adjust Target CPU Utilization. Migrate the workload.

선점형 인스턴스의 경우 우선순위가 높은 작업이 생긴다면 현재 실행중인 작업을 중단하고 해당 작업을 먼저 처리한다.

따라서 일반적으로 24시간 미만의 일괄 작업에 적합하고 중단되면 안되는 작업의 경우 적합하지 않다.

정답 C

137. You are developing a new application and are looking for a Jenkins installation to build and deploy your source code. You want to automate the installation as quickly and easily as possible. What should you do?

• A. Deploy Jenkins through the Google Cloud Marketplace.
• B. Create a new Compute Engine instance. Run the Jenkins executable.
• C. Create a new Kubernetes Engine cluster. Create a deployment for the Jenkins image.
• D. Create an instance template with the Jenkins executable. Create a managed instance group with this template.

Google Cloud Marketplace에서 사전 구성된 Jenkins 인스턴스를 한 번의 클릭으로 배포할 수 있어, 가장 빠르고 쉬운 방법이다.

정답 A

138. You have downloaded and installed the gcloud command line interface (CLI) and have authenticated with your Google Account. Most of your Compute Engine instances in your project run in the europe-west1-d zone. You want to avoid having to specify this zone with each CLI command when managing these instances.
What should you do?

• A. Set the europe-west1-d zone as the default zone using the gcloud config subcommand.
• B. In the Settings page for Compute Engine under Default location, set the zone to europeג€"west1-d.
• C. In the CLI installation directory, create a file called default.conf containing zone=europeג€"west1ג€"d.
• D. Create a Metadata entry on the Compute Engine page with key compute/zone and value europeג€"west1ג€"d.

gcloud config set compute/zone europe-west1-d 명령어를 사용하면 기본 존이 설정되어 명령어 입력 시 자동으로 적용된다.

그리고 Compute Engine 설정에는 CLI 명령어의 기본 존을 변경하는 기능이 없다.

정답 A

139. The core business of your company is to rent out construction equipment at large scale. All the equipment that is being rented out has been equipped with multiple sensors that send event information every few seconds. These signals can vary from engine status, distance traveled, fuel level, and more. Customers are billed based on the consumption monitored by these sensors. You expect high throughput `" up to thousands of events per hour per device `" and need to retrieve consistent data based on the time of the event. Storing and retrieving individual signals should be atomic. What should you do?

• A. Create a file in Cloud Storage per device and append new data to that file.
• B. Create a file in Cloud Filestore per device and append new data to that file.
• C. Ingest the data into Datastore. Store data in an entity group based on the device.
• D. Ingest the data into Cloud Bigtable. Create a row key based on the event timestamp.

Cloud Storage는 파일 저장용 객체 스토리지이며, 고빈도 업데이트 및 조회가 필요한 IoT 데이터에 적합하지 않다.

Datastore는 트랜잭션이 필요한 관계형 데이터 저장소와 유사하지만, 고속의 시계열 데이터 처리에는 적합하지 않다.

Cloud Bigtable은 대량의 IoT 데이터 저장 및 고속 읽기/쓰기 작업에 최적화된 NoSQL 데이터베이스이다.
행 키(Row Key)를 이벤트 타임스탬프 기반으로 구성하면 시간 순서대로 데이터를 효율적으로 검색할 수 있다.

정답 D

 

 

140. You are asked to set up application performance monitoring on Google Cloud projects A, B, and C as a single pane of glass. You want to monitor CPU, memory, and disk. What should you do?

• A. Enable API and then share charts from project A, B, and C.
• B. Enable API and then give the metrics.reader role to projects A, B, and C.
• C. Enable API and then use default dashboards to view all projects in sequence.
• D. Enable API, create a workspace under project A, and then add projects B and C.

기본 대시보드를 사용하는 경우 각 프로젝트를 따로 확인해야하기 때문에 실시간 통합 모니터링이 어렵다.

Cloud Monitoring Workspace를 생성하면 여러 프로젝트의 모니터링 데이터를 한 곳에서 관리할 수 있다.
Workspace는 Cross-Project 모니터링을 지원하므로, A, B, C 프로젝트의 CPU, 메모리, 디스크 사용량을 하나의 대시보드에서 모니터링할 수 있다.

정답 D

141. You created several resources in multiple Google Cloud projects. All projects are linked to different billing accounts. To better estimate future charges, you want to have a single visual representation of all costs incurred. You want to include new cost data as soon as possible. What should you do?

• A. Configure Billing Data Export to BigQuery and visualize the data in Data Studio.
• B. Visit the Cost Table page to get a CSV export and visualize it using Data Studio.
• C. Fill all resources in the Pricing Calculator to get an estimate of the monthly cost.
• D. Use the Reports view in the Cloud Billing Console to view the desired cost information.

Google Cloud의 Billing Data Export 기능을 사용하면 BigQuery에 비용 데이터를 실시간으로 저장할 수 있다.
이후 Data Studio를 사용하여 시각화하면 여러 프로젝트의 비용을 통합적으로 모니터링 가능하다.

정답 A

142. Your company has workloads running on Compute Engine and on-premises. The Google Cloud Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) is connected to your WAN over a
Virtual Private Network (VPN). You need to deploy a new Compute Engine instance and ensure that no public Internet traffic can be routed to it. What should you do?

• A. Create the instance without a public IP address.
• B. Create the instance with Private Google Access enabled.
• C. Create a deny-all egress firewall rule on the VPC network.
• D. Create a route on the VPC to route all traffic to the instance over the VPN tunnel.

공용 IP가 없는 인스턴스는 기본적으로 인터넷과 연결되지 않으므로 보안성이 높다.
내부 네트워크를 사용하여 VPC 및 VPN을 통해 사설 네트워크 트래픽만 허용할 수 있다.

모든 egress 트래픽을 차단하면 VPN과의 통신까지 막힐 수 있으며, 필요 이상의 제한이 된다.

정답 A

143. Your team maintains the infrastructure for your organization. The current infrastructure requires changes. You need to share your proposed changes with the rest of the team. You want to follow Google's recommended best practices. What should you do?

• A. Use Deployment Manager templates to describe the proposed changes and store them in a Cloud Storage bucket.
• B. Use Deployment Manager templates to describe the proposed changes and store them in Cloud Source Repositories.
• C. Apply the changes in a development environment, run gcloud compute instances list, and then save the output in a shared Storage bucket.
• D. Apply the changes in a development environment, run gcloud compute instances list, and then save the output in Cloud Source Repositories.

Deployment Manager는 인프라 변경 사항을 코드로 정의하는 IaC(Infrastructure as Code) 도구이며, Cloud Source Repositories에 저장하면 변경 이력을 추적하고 공유하기 용이하다.

Cloud Storage는 버전 관리 기능이 부족하며, 협업을 위한 기능이 적다.

정답 B

144. You have a Compute Engine instance hosting an application used between 9 AM and 6 PM on weekdays. You want to back up this instance daily for disaster recovery purposes. You want to keep the backups for 30 days. You want the Google-recommended solution with the least management overhead and the least number of services. What should you do?

• A. 1. Update your instances' metadata to add the following value: snapshotג€"schedule: 0 1 * * * 2. Update your instances' metadata to add the following value: snapshotג€"retention: 30
• B. 1. In the Cloud Console, go to the Compute Engine Disks page and select your instance's disk. 2. In the Snapshot Schedule section, select Create Schedule and configure the following parameters: - Schedule frequency: Daily - Start time: 1:00 AM ג€" 2:00 AM - Autodelete snapshots after: 30 days
• C. 1. Create a Cloud Function that creates a snapshot of your instance's disk. 2. Create a Cloud Function that deletes snapshots that are older than 30 days. 3. Use Cloud Scheduler to trigger both Cloud Functions daily at 1:00 AM.
• D. 1. Create a bash script in the instance that copies the content of the disk to Cloud Storage. 2. Create a bash script in the instance that deletes data older than 30 days in the backup Cloud Storage bucket. 3. Configure the instance's crontab to execute these scripts daily at 1:00 AM.

Compute Engine의 Snapshot Schedule 기능을 사용하면 일일 스냅샷을 자동 생성 및 관리할 수 있다.

Cloud Scheduler와 Cloud Function을 활용하는 방법은 가능하지만, Compute Engine의 내장 스냅샷 스케줄링 기능이 더 간단하고 효율적이다.

디스크 백업을 Cloud Storage에 저장하는 것은 스냅샷보다 비효율적이며, 관리 오버헤드가 증가한다.

정답 B

145. Your existing application running in Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) consists of multiple pods running on four GKE n1`"standard`"2 nodes. You need to deploy additional pods requiring n2`"highmem`"16 nodes without any downtime. What should you do?

• A. Use gcloud container clusters upgrade. Deploy the new services.
• B. Create a new Node Pool and specify machine type n2ג€"highmemג€"16. Deploy the new pods.
• C. Create a new cluster with n2ג€"highmemג€"16 nodes. Redeploy the pods and delete the old cluster.
• D. Create a new cluster with both n1ג€"standardג€"2 and n2ג€"highmemג€"16 nodes. Redeploy the pods and delete the old cluster.

GKE에서는 Node Pool을 추가하여 서로 다른 머신 타입을 혼합하여 사용 가능하다.
새로운 Node Pool에 n2-highmem-16을 추가하면 기존 클러스터에서 다운타임 없이 새로운 pod를 배포할 수 있다.

기존 클러스터를 폐기하고 새 클러스터를 만드는 것은 불필요한 다운타임과 데이터 이동이 발생한다.

정답 B

146. You have an application that uses Cloud Spanner as a database backend to keep current state information about users. Cloud Bigtable logs all events triggered by users. You export Cloud Spanner data to Cloud Storage during daily backups. One of your analysts asks you to join data from Cloud Spanner and Cloud
Bigtable for specific users. You want to complete this ad hoc request as efficiently as possible. What should you do?

• A. Create a dataflow job that copies data from Cloud Bigtable and Cloud Storage for specific users.
• B. Create a dataflow job that copies data from Cloud Bigtable and Cloud Spanner for specific users.
• C. Create a Cloud Dataproc cluster that runs a Spark job to extract data from Cloud Bigtable and Cloud Storage for specific users.
• D. Create two separate BigQuery external tables on Cloud Storage and Cloud Bigtable. Use the BigQuery console to join these tables through user fields, and apply appropriate filters.

BigQuery는 Cloud Storage 및 Cloud Bigtable 데이터를 직접 쿼리할 수 있는 외부 테이블 기능을 제공한다.
별도의 ETL 파이프라인을 구축하지 않고, BigQuery에서 SQL을 사용하여 즉시 데이터를 조인하고 분석할 수 있다.

정답 D

 

147. You are hosting an application from Compute Engine virtual machines (VMs) in us`"central1`"a. You want to adjust your design to support the failure of a single
Compute Engine zone, eliminate downtime, and minimize cost. What should you do?

• A. ג€" Create Compute Engine resources in usג€"central1ג€"b. ג€" Balance the load across both usג€"central1ג€"a and usג€"central1ג€"b.
• B. ג€" Create a Managed Instance Group and specify usג€"central1ג€"a as the zone. ג€" Configure the Health Check with a short Health Interval.
• C. ג€" Create an HTTP(S) Load Balancer. ג€" Create one or more global forwarding rules to direct traffic to your VMs.
• D. ג€" Perform regular backups of your application. ג€" Create a Cloud Monitoring Alert and be notified if your application becomes unavailable. ג€" Restore from backups when notified.

멀티존 배포는 특정 존 장애 발생 시 애플리케이션 가용성을 유지하는 핵심 전략이다.
us-central1-a뿐만 아니라 us-central1-b에도 인스턴스를 배포하고, 로드 밸런서를 사용하여 트래픽을 자동으로 분산해야 한다.

글로벌 HTTP(S) Load Balancer는 트래픽을 분산하는 데 유용하지만, 멀티존 배포 없이 단독으로는 장애 복구를 보장하지 않는다.

정답 A

148. A colleague handed over a Google Cloud Platform project for you to maintain. As part of a security checkup, you want to review who has been granted the Project
Owner role. What should you do?

• A. In the console, validate which SSH keys have been stored as project-wide keys.
• B. Navigate to Identity-Aware Proxy and check the permissions for these resources.
• C. Enable Audit Logs on the IAM & admin page for all resources, and validate the results.
• D. Use the command gcloud projects getג€"iamג€"policy to view the current role assignments.

감사 로그는 이전 권한 변경 내역을 확인하는 용도이며, 현재 역할 보유자를 빠르게 조회하는 데 적합하지 않다.

gcloud projects get-iam-policy [PROJECT_ID] 명령어를 사용하면 현재 프로젝트의 IAM 정책을 확인할 수 있다.

정답 D

149. You are running multiple VPC-native Google Kubernetes Engine clusters in the same subnet. The IPs available for the nodes are exhausted, and you want to ensure that the clusters can grow in nodes when needed. What should you do?

• A. Create a new subnet in the same region as the subnet being used.
• B. Add an alias IP range to the subnet used by the GKE clusters.
• C. Create a new VPC, and set up VPC peering with the existing VPC.
• D. Expand the CIDR range of the relevant subnet for the cluster.

Alias IP 범위는 Pod 네트워크에 대한 추가 IP 공간을 제공할 수는 있지만, 노드 추가에는 영향을 주지 않는다.

GKE는 VPC-native 모드에서 서브넷의 IP 주소를 노드 및 Pod 네트워크에 할당한다.
IP 주소가 부족할 경우, 해당 서브넷의 CIDR 범위를 확장하면 추가 노드를 배포할 수 있다.

정답 D

150. You have a batch workload that runs every night and uses a large number of virtual machines (VMs). It is fault-tolerant and can tolerate some of the VMs being terminated. The current cost of VMs is too high. What should you do?

• A. Run a test using simulated maintenance events. If the test is successful, use preemptible N1 Standard VMs when running future jobs.
• B. Run a test using simulated maintenance events. If the test is successful, use N1 Standard VMs when running future jobs.
• C. Run a test using a managed instance group. If the test is successful, use N1 Standard VMs in the managed instance group when running future jobs.
• D. Run a test using N1 standard VMs instead of N2. If the test is successful, use N1 Standard VMs when running future jobs.

Preemptible VM은 최대 80% 저렴하며, 일부 VM이 중단되더라도 다시 시작 가능한 배치 작업에 적합하다.
유지보수 이벤트를 시뮬레이션하여 작업의 내결함성을 테스트한 후 적용하는 것이 가장 비용 효율적인 방법이다.

정답 A